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\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0 \u7eea\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b66\u8005\u8a79\u7a46\u65af\u00b7\u5409\u5c14\u9ed8(James Gilmore)\u4e0e\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u6d3e\u6069(Joseph Pine)\u5728 1999 \u5e74\u5171 \u540c\u5408\u8457\u4e86\u4e66\u7c4d\u300a\u4f53\u9a8c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u300b\uff0c\u6b64\u4e66\u63d0\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\u519c\u4e1a \u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f53\u9a8c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ece\u56db\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u53d1\u5c55\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u552f\u72ec\u4f53\u9a8c \u7ecf\u6d4e\u9636\u6bb5\u987e\u5ba2\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u90fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u611f\u6700\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u63a8\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63d0\u4f9b\u7269\u5728\u4ece\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u503c\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u4f53\u9a8c\u5f0f\u670d\u52a1\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u3002 \u5728\u4f53\u9a8c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f18\u8d28\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e3a\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u800c\u8a00\u673a\u9047\u4e0e\u6311\u6218\u5e76\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5316\u3001\u5e38\u6001\u5316\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u653e\u677e\u91ca\u538b\u3001\u6ee1\u8db3\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u88ab\u4eba \u7c7b\u6d88\u9063\u3001\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u65b0\u3001\u7f8e\u3001\u5947\u3001\u98df\u201d \u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4f53\u73b0\u503c\u4fbf\u662f\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53 \u9a8c\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u7684\u518d\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u5728\u62e5 \u6709\u673a\u9047\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f18\u8d28\u4f53\u9a8c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u8fd0\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf \u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8f83\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e1a\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u4f53\u9a8c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e7f\u5927\u7fa4\u4f17\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5982 \u706b\u5982\u837c\u3002\u7136\u800c\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u65c5\u6e38\u9605\u5386\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8 \u6a21\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u4e86\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u6e38\u89c8\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u6d88\u8d39\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u5dee\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u9700\u8981\u5bfb\u627e \u65b0\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u53e3\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7ed9\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f \u6280\u672f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u878d\u5408\u7684\u667a\u6167\u65c5\u6e38\u6084\u7136\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u5728 2011 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u667a\u6167\u65c5\u6e38 \u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e3a\u5927\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u667a\u6167\u65c5\u6e38\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u667a\u6167\u65c5\u6e38\u65e8\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e7f\u5927\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u4e2a\u6027 \u5316\u7684\u6e38\u89c8\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u65c5\u6e38\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u65e0\u7f1d\u8854\u63a5\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5e7f\u5927\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u53d1\u5c55\u5e26\u6765\u4fbf\u5229\u3002\u667a\u6167\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5728\u666f\u533a\u5bfc\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\u4e0a\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u65b0\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u666f\u533a\u8fc8\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6253\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u6e38\u89c8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u6253\u9020\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u5b89\u5353\u4e0e\u82f9\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u652f\u6301\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5728\u673a\u9047\u4e0e\u6311\u6218\u5e76\u5b58\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u7814\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u79fb \u52a8\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u666f\u533a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002 \u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u65e5\u8d8b\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u53ea\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u4e3a\u4f18\u8d28\u548c\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u5de9\u56fa\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u969c\u666f\u533a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 \u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7814\u5b84\u73b0\u72b6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6fc0\u70c8\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u65e5\u76ca\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\u9605\u5386\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u65c5\u6e38\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u79d1\u6280\u4e0e\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u878d\u5408\u63a8\u52a8\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ea6\u7ed9\u65c5\u6e38\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u6e38\u5ba2\u63d0\u4f9b\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6e38\u89c8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001 \u65b9\u4fbf\u3001\u5feb\u6377\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u56fd\u5916\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8f83\u65e9\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u5df2\u53d6 \u5f97\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u867d\u8d77\u6b65\u8f83\u665a\uff0c\u4f46\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u5927 \u591a\u6570\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u5df2\u63a8\u5e7f\u4f7f\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2.1 \u56fd\u5916\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u72b6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u56fd\u5916\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5e94\u7528\u8d77\u6b65\u8f83\u65e9\uff0c20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u81f3 21 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf \u6210\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u30022004 \u5e74\uff0cLi-Der \u7b49\u4eba\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u57fa\u4e8e PDA \u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u822a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u8bed\u97f3\u8bb2\u89e3\u548c \u5546\u54c1\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7684\u5148\u6cb3\u3002 \u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e24\u5bb6\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\u5171\u540c\u7814\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3e\u57fa\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u624b \u673a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u83b7\u53d6\u666f\u533a\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ebf\u8def\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u666f\u70b9\u89e3\u8bf4\u3001\u5f71\u7247\u539f\u666f\u91cd\u73b0\u7b49\u529f\u80fd \u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6b64\u6b3e\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u7ed9\u5e7f\u5927\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u53d1 \u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\u30022007 \u5e74\uff0cGoogle \u524d\u804c\u5458 Jon Tirsen \u548c Douwe Osinga \u5408\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3e \u540d\u4e3a\u201cTriposo\u201d\u7684\u624b\u673a\u5bfc\u89c8APP\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b3e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u30022010 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u6b3e\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u201d(Explorer)\u7684\u624b\u673a\u5bfc\u89c8APP\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7136 \u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u754c\u9762\u53cb\u597d\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u6b64\u6b3e APP\u5e94\u7528\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5e7f\u5927\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e00\u81f4 \u597d\u8bc4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u826f\u597d\u4f53\u9a8c\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u5546\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5408\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u201cLouvre Audio Guide\u201d\u624b\u673a\u5bfc\u89c8 APP \u76f8\u7ee7\u4e0a\u5e02\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5df4\u9ece\u5362\u6d6e\u5bab\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u4ed8\u8d39\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c \u7528\u6237\u9996\u5148\u5f97\u8d2d\u4e70\u5b89\u88c5\u624d\u53ef\u83b7\u53d6\u73cd\u85cf\u5c55\u54c1\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5ba4\u5185\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6280\u672f\uff0c \u5e2e\u52a9\u6e38\u5ba2\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u5c55\u54c1\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4fbf\u6377\u4e14\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e00\u7ecf\u63a8\u51fa\u4fbf\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u597d\u8bc4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5178\u578b\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u5e94\u7528\u65e2\u80fd\u4e3a\u6e38\u5ba2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u4e1a\u521b\u6536\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56fd\u5916\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u591a\u3002Crow(1994)\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u79cd\u76d1\u89c6\u4e0e\u5bfc\u822a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002Wu Wei(2001)\u7b49\u7387\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u7535\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u673a\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9a71\u52a8\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u7cca\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u95ed\u73af\u63a7\u5236\u3002Luo.R.C.(2005)\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u79fb\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5bfc\u822a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u5916\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5bfc\u822a\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u30022015 \u5e74\uff0c\u5b66\u8005 JisunLee \u7b49\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u529b\u68af\u5ea6\u53c2\u8003\u5bfc\u822a\u4eff\u771f\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u5bfc\u822a\u6027\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u5bfc\u822a\u6027\u80fd\u53d7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u8bef\u5dee\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u30022018 \u5e74\uff0cRohan Kapoor \u7387\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5730\u9762\u8f66\u8f86\u5bfc\u822a\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u5bfc\u822a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u6258\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u58f0\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u96c6\u6210\u88c5\u7f6e\u30022019 \u5e74\uff0cZhang Zheri \u4eba\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u7aa5\u955c\u7684\u5bfc\u822a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5185\u7aa5\u955c\u5bfc\u822a\u5728\u672a\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2.2 \u56fd\u5185\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u72b6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7fdf\u6653\u94a7\u7684\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6(2012)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u6e38\u5ba2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5bfc\u89c8 \u76f8\u6bd4\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u5e94\u66f4\u52a0\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u5168\u9762\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u666f\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3001\u5bfc\u822a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b49\u3002 \u56fd\u5185\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u3001\u6821\u56ed\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4ee5\u53ca\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc \u5b66\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u867d\u8d77\u6b65\u8f83\u665a\u4f46\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u5747\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002 \u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5e94 \u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u8425\u9500\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u30022011 \u5e74\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u7531\u5b66\u8005\u9ad8\u7389\u73b2\u3001 \u97e6\u9f99\u65b0\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e3a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f PDA\uff0c\u6b64\u6b3e\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u7ecf\u4e0a\u5e02\u4fbf\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u81f4\u597d\u8bc4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u6280\u4e0e\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u878d\u5408\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6709\u6548\u624b\u6bb5\u30022012 \u5e74\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e Wifi\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5ba4\u5185\u5bfc\u822a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5e02\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u7fdf\u6653\u94a7\u4ee5\u4e1c\u839e\u79d1\u6280\u9986\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5ba4\u5185\u5bfc\u89c8\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176 \u4ed6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666f\u533a\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe\u63d0\u4f9b\u501f\u9274\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u817e\u8baf\u516c\u53f8\u7814\u53d1\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u670d\u52a1\u5e73 \u53f0\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ee5\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u4e3a\u6e38\u5ba2\u63a8\u9001\u65c5\u6e38\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c2014 \u5e74\uff0c\u90d1\u6587\u541b\u5728\u5176\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u7aef\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fae\u4fe1\u5bfc\u89c8\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u5434\u529b\u658c\u5c06\u5fae\u4fe1\u5bfc\u89c8\u548cAPP\u5bfc\u89c8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa APP \u5bfc\u89c8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u7814\u53d1\u5468\u671f\u957f\u3001\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\uff0c\u666f\u533a\u4e0eAPP\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5fae\u4fe1\u5bfc\u89c8\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u5176\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\u5f00\u53d1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u63a8\u5e7f\u8fd0\u8425\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u738b\u5fe0\u5cb3(2017) \u5728\u5176\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u4e2d\u539f\u5730\u533a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5f20\u6653\u4e1c (2018)\u5728\u5176\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u667a\u6167\u666f\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5bf9\u7b56\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u7518\u8083\u7701\u5b9a\u897f\u5e02\u4e3a \u4f8b\u5c55\u5f00\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5efa\u8bbe\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u63d0\u5347\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6709\u6548\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u9a6c\u59ae(2018)\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 H5 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\u6821\u56ed\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u65b9\u9762<\/strong>\uff1a\u56fd\u5185\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6821\u56ed\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u5218\u723d (2019)\u5728\u5176\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u6821\u56ed\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u6821 \u56ed\u5bfc\u89c8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u535a\u7269\u9986\u65b9\u9762<\/strong>\uff1a\u674e\u5353(2014)\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9655\u897f\u7701\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u57fa\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u7ec8\u7aef\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u76f8 \u5173\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4efb\u7f8e\u8587(2018)\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u9700\u6c42\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5c55\u54c1\u5bfc \u89c8\u529f\u80fd\u8865\u5145\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u59da\u654f(2018)\u4ee5\u6e29\u5dde\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u5e94 \u7528\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u9648\u946b(2018)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bfc\u89c8\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5c55\u89c8\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u5bfc \u89c8\u8bbe\u5907\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u5bfc\u89c8\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u5f02\u30022011 \u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u9996\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u624b\u673a\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5bfc\u89c8\u5e94\u7528\u201c\u6587\u535a\u4efb\u6211\u884c\u201d\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b3e\u5e94\u7528\u8017\u65f6\u4e09\u5e74\u624d\u89c4\u5212\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86 \u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u548c\u8d22\u529b\uff0c\u9664\u56fd\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4ee5\u5916\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9986\u65e0\u6cd5\u627f\u53d7\u7814\u53d1\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u538b\u529b\u3002\u7531 \u4e8e\u8fd9\u6b3e\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u5353\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u624b\u673a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7814\u53d1\u51fa\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u3001\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u597d\u3001\u5468\u671f\u77ed\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u653b\u514b\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u516c\u76ca\u670d\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7387\u5148\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u9886\u57df\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u201c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u535a\u7269\u9986\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u5e94\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u201c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u535a\u7269\u9986\u201d\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u529f\u80fd\u5c55\u5f00\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5bfc\u89c8\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u5e02\u521d\u671f\u4fbf\u5f97 \u5230\u4e86\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u597d\u8bc4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u5b66\u65b9\u9762<\/strong>\uff1a2001 \u5e74\uff0c\u674e\u529b\u63d0\u51fa AGENT \u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\u548c\u5bfc\u5b66\u7b56\u7565\u53ca\u81ea\u5b66\u65b9\u6848\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u8def\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6307\u51faAGENT\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6559\u80b2\u7f51\u7edc \u5bf9\u89e3\u51b3\u5f02\u8d28\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65b9\u7231\u56fd(2005)\u7b49\u9488\u5bf9\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u8346\u6c38\u541b(2005)\u7b49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u73af\u5883\u63d0\u9ad8\u6559\u5b66\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u5b59\u7acb\u7fa4(2006)\u5728\u5176\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8eAgent \u6280\u672f\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u56fd\u5916\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u8d77\u6b65\u8f83\u65e9\uff0c\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5e76\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5bfc\u822a\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u867d\u8d77\u6b65\u8f83\u665a\u4f46\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u4ee5\u53ca\u8425\u9500\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u3001\u56fd\u5916\u5bf9\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e4b\u5904\u53c8\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f46\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005 \u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u8865\u5145\u3001\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5bfc\u89c8\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u6027\u7684\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u5fae\u4fe1\u7aef\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5b97\u65e8\u7684\u667a\u6167\u65c5\u6e38\u65f6\u4ee3\u5df2\u5168\u9762\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u7814\u53d1\u9002\u5408\u666f\u533a\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u6e38\u5ba2\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6e38\u89c8\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4ece\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u524d\u666f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u624b\u6301\u5bfc\u89c8\u8bbe\u5907\u5176\u79df\u7528\u9ebb\u70e6\u3001\u79df\u91d1\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u5e02\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.1 \u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666f\u533a\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u53c2\u8003\u3002 \u76ee\u524d\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u5229\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u666f\u533a\u5bfc\u89c8\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5177\u6709\u521b\u65b0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u65b9\u5f0f\u65e2\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u6211\u56fd\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u8fc5\u731b\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u7ed3\u5408\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u4e3a\u6e38\u5ba2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u3001 \u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7f13\u89e3\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bfc\u6e38\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u8282\u7ea6\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u666f\u533a\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u672c\u8bfe\u9898\u9488\u5bf9\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7814 \u7a76\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3.2 \u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5177\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7eea\u8bba\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5305\u62ec\u9009\u9898\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u56fd\u5185\u5916 \u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u6982\u5ff5\u754c\u5b9a\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u9605\u4e66\u7c4d\u3001\u62a5\u7eb8\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u732e\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9 \u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u3001\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c06\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7406\u8bba\u3001 \u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\u53ca KANO \u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u68b3\u7406\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u8c03\u7814\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u6df1\u5ea6\u8bbf\u8c08\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u5bfc\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u72b6\u3001\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u610f\u613f\u5c55\u5f00\u8c03\u7814\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528 Kano \u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5212\u5206\u5f97\u51fa\u57fa\u672c\u578b\u3001\u671f\u671b\u578b\u3001\u5174\u594b\u578b\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684 \u5bfc\u89c8\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3a\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u8bbf\u8c08\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3a\u6e38\u5ba2\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u7ecf\u8425\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u666f\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458 5 \u7c7b\u4ee3\u8868\u3002 \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u67b6\u6784\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u5728\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7ed3\u5408\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u7531\u73a9\u8f6c\u6e44\u6c5f\u3001\u7cbe\u5f69\u6e44\u6c5f\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u6e44\u6c5f\u4e09\u5927\u6a21\u5757\u6784\u6210\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe \u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u548c\u52aa\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.4 \u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u6cd5<\/strong> \u9996\u5148\u9488\u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u5c55\u5f00\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u5bfc\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\u73b0\u72b6\u3001\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u9700 \u6c42\u610f\u613f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u5efa\u8bbe\u5bf9\u7b56\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e76\u6574\u7406\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fd0\u7528 KANO \u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5212\u5206\u5f97\u51fa\u57fa\u672c\u578b\u3001\u671f\u671b\u578b\u3001\u5174\u594b\u578b\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u9700\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)\u8bbf\u8c08\u6cd5<\/strong> \u8bbf\u8c08\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3a\u6e38\u5ba2\u3001\u666f\u533a\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u7ecf\u8425\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8be2\u95ee\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u5728\u5bfc\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u9488\u5bf9\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u5bfc\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\u73b0\u72b6\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u89e3\u51b3\u63aa\u65bd\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u5907\u4ec0\u4e48\u529f\u80fd\u3001 \u60a8\u5bf9\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5efa\u8bae\u56db\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u6e44\u6c5f\u666f\u533a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5bf9\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0 \u6982\u5ff5\u754c\u5b9a\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u6982\u5ff5\u754c\u5b9a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1.1 \u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong> \u82f1\u7f8e\u5927\u5b66\u65c5\u6e38\u4e13\u4e1a\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6216\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f11\u95f2\u5ea6\u5047\u3001\u517b\u751f\u5a31\u4e50\u7b49\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\uff1b \u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u6307\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e4b\u5904\u53c8\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8868\u683c\u53ef\u5f97\u51fa\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u6027\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u70b9\u6216\u8005\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u70b9\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c1\u89e3\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u7684\u5185\u6db5<\/strong> \u666f\u533a\u5185\u6db5\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e94\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u660e\u786e\u7684\u533a\u57df\u573a\u6240\u3001\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b \u4f11\u95f2\u5ea6\u5047\u63a2\u9669\u8003\u5bdf\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u3001\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165\u6027\u6784\u6210\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3)\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong> \u6309\u7167\u65c5\u6e38\u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u7c7b\u3001\u4eba\u6587\u7c7b\u3001\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u516c\u56ed\u7c7b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7c7b\u4e94\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b\u6309\u7167\u666f\u533a\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u89c2\u5149\u7c7b\u3001\u5ea6\u5047\u7c7b\u3001\u79d1\u8003\u7c7b\u3001\u6e38\u4e50\u7c7b\u56db\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b \u6309\u7167\u666f\u533a\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u7b49\u7ea7\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u662f A\u30012A\u30013A\u30014A\u30015A\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684 \u8bc4\u5b9a\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002AAAAA \u7ea7\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u4ece AAAA \u7ea7\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u88ab\u516c\u544a\u4e3a AAAA\u7ea7\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u4e00\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53ef\u7533\u62a5 AAAAA\u7ea7\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1.2 \u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5f02\u5730\u6027\u4e0e\u6682\u65f6\u6027\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u8981\u60f3\u5728\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u964c\u751f\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u826f\u597d\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u6c42\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u548c\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u6e38\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9488\u5bf9\u5f15\u5bfc\u6e38\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u5373\u4e3a\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u79f0\u4e3a\u89e3\u8bf4\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u5bfc\u6e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)\u89e3\u8bf4\u7684\u5185\u6db5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u89e3\u8bf4(interpret)\u6700\u65e9\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e 1871 \u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u7684 Muir \u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca \u548c\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u300220 \u4e16\u7eaa 20 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7c73\u5c14\u65af(Milis)\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u5bfc\u6e38\u7684 \u63a2\u9669\u300b\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u8fd0\u7528\u201c\u89e3\u8bf4\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u5728\u843d\u57fa\u5c71\u8109\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u5bfc\u6e38\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u5bfc\u6e38\u8bb2\u89e3\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u89e3\u8bf4\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u53ef\u5219\u59cb\u4e8e 1957 \u5e74\u300a\u89e3\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc\u00b7\u7279\u5c14\u767b\u7684\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u89e3\u8bf4\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u89e3\u8bf4\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u3002 \u9488\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u89e3\u8bf4\u670d\u52a1\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6bd4\u8f83\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u662f\u7f57\u82ac\u3001\u949f\u6c38\u5fb7(2018) \u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u671f\uff0c20\u4e16\u7ea760\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u89e3\u8bf4\u670d\u52a1\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4fee\u8f9e\u624b\u6cd5 \u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5a92\u4ecb\u671f\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u6e38\u5ba2\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6c9f \u901a\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u89e3\u8bf4\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u540d\u6b63\u671f\uff0c\u5bf9\u89e3\u8bf4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u5411\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u89e3\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8fbe \u5230\u5a31\u4e50\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u8fd8\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u7ba1\u7406\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u56db\u662f\u521d\u719f\u671f\uff0c\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u5b9a\u91cf\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u6c9f\u901a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u5434\u5fe0\u5b8f(1987)\u63d0\u51fa\u89e3\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bb2\u89e3\u670d \u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u53d7\u4f17\u7684\u6e38\u61a9\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u89e3\u8bf4\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u6b23\u8d4f\u65c5\u6e38\u5730\u7684\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u9057\u4ea7\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u80b2\u4ee5\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)\u89e3\u8bf4\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u89e3\u8bf4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u89e3\u8bf4\u53d7\u4f17\u3001\u89e3\u8bf4\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u89e3\u8bf4\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6784\u5efa\u65c5\u6e38\u89e3\u8bf4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5851\u9020\u5f62\u8c61\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u542f\u53d1\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001\u89e3\u8bf4\u53d7\u4f17<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73b0\u5b9e\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u6b63\u5728\u6e38\u89c8\u6216\u6e38\u89c8\u8fc7\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u548c\u65c5\u6e38\u666f \u533a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u6574\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53cd\u9988\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6f5c\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\uff1a\u672a\u6765\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u964c\u751f\u611f\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u4e86\u89e3 \u4e0d\u5168\u662f\u5236\u7ea6\u5176\u5c06\u65c5\u6e38\u52a8\u673a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5f53\u5176\u4e00\u65e6\u6536\u96c6\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6 \u5373\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u89e3\u8bf4\u7684\u53d7\u4f17\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001\u89e3\u8bf4\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65c5\u6e38\u89e3\u8bf4\u5bf9\u8c61\u5373\u65c5\u6e38\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u662f\u53d7\u4f17\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u3001\u4f53\u9a8c\u3001\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6307 \u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u9057\u5b58\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u521b\u9020\u7269\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\u3001\u89e3\u8bf4\u5a92\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65c5\u6e38\u89e3\u8bf4\u5a92\u4ecb\u6307\u7684\u662f\u89e3\u8bf4\u5185\u5bb9\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\/\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u8fdb \u884c\u6700\u4f73\u9610\u91ca\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u5bfc\u5f0f\u89e3\u8bf4\u548c\u5411\u5bfc\u5f0f\u89e3\u8bf4\u4e24\u79cd\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u81ea\u5bfc\u5f0f\u89e3\u8bf4\u5a92\u4ecb \u5982\u724c\u793a\u3001\u89e3\u8bf4\u624b\u518c\u3001\u5bfc\u6e38\u56fe\u3001\u5f55\u5236\u8bed\u97f3\u3001\u89e6\u6478\u5c4f\u3001\u5e7b\u706f\u7247\u3001\u7f51\u5740\u3001\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u7b49\uff1b\u5411\u5bfc \u5f0f\u89e3\u8bf4\u5a92\u4ecb\u5982\u5bfc\u6e38\u5458\u3001\u89e3\u8bf4\u5458\u3001\u54a8\u8be2\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1.3 \u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2003\u5e74\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u80a1\u70ed\u6f6e\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c \u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5bfc\u822a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7ed9\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u7684\u51fa\u884c\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u5bfc\u89c8\u6a21\u5f0f\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6e38\u89c8\u9700\u6c42\uff0c \u57fa\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u79fb\u52a8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe\u6210\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u754c\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u6839\u636e\u5df2\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5728\u5df2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u73b0\u63d0\u51fa\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6982 \u5ff5\uff1a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u6e38\u89c8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e3a\u6e38\u5ba2\u63d0\u4f9b\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6e38\u5ba2\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u6e38\u89c8\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6e38\u89c8\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8be5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7531\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u673a\u6784\u9ad8\u5ea6\u878d\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u591a\u5143\u5316\u4f20\u64ad\u624b\u6bb5\u7814\u53d1\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001\u6839\u636e\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1)\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u5b98\u65b9\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u5b98\u65b9\u65c5\u6e38\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u5957\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8be5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7531\u666f\u533a\u8d1f\u8d23\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2)\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u673a\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\u4e3a\u975e\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\u4ee5\u76c8\u5229\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9762\u5411\u6574\u4e2a\u65c5\u6e38\u5e02\u573a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6280\u672f\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u8f83\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u7c7b\u673a\u6784\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u76c8\u5229\u591a\u5c11\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001\u6839\u636e\u5bfc\u89c8\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1)\u57fa\u4e8e\u97f3\u9891\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u6e38\u5ba2\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c55\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u56fe\u6587\u3001\u97f3 \u9891\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u6587\u3001\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u5411\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f20\u8fbe\u65c5\u6e38\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u5e73\u53f0\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b \u5c55\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2)\u57fa\u4e8e 720\u00b0\u5168\u666f\u7167\u7247\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1a\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u89c2\u4ee5 720\u00b0\u5168\u666f\u7167\u7247\u5411\u6e38\u5ba2\u5c55\u793a\uff0c \u6e38\u5ba2\u53ef\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u6c89\u6d78\u89c2\u770b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u573a\u666f\u903c\u771f\u3001\u5f00 \u53d1\u5468\u671f\u77ed\u3001\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3\u3001\u6309\u7167\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u8f7d\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3)\u5fae\u4fe1\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7c7b\u666f\u533a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1a\u5fae\u4fe1\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a \u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u3002\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f7f\u7528\u666f\u533a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9891\u7387\u662f\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u6e38\u89c8\u9700\u6c42 \u591a\u5143\u5316\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7c7b\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6e38\u5ba2\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u90e8\u5206 \u666f\u533a\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u5fae\u4fe1\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e0e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e92\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u9644\u52a0\u529f\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u6316\u6398\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4)APP \u7c7b\u666f\u533a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1a\u73b0\u4eca APP \u7c7b\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8e\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5bfc \u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a App \u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u673a\u5e94 \u7528\u5546\u5e97\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b89\u88c5\u65b9\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u3002App \u7c7b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u5468\u671f\u957f\u3001 \u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86App \u7c7b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u6210\u672c \u8fc7\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5)\u4f4e\u9891\u84dd\u7259\u4f20\u8f93\u6280\u672f\u7c7b\u666f\u533a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1a\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u8bbe\u6709\u4f4e\u9891\u84dd\u7259\u4f20\u8f93\u8bbe\u5907 \u65b9\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5f53\u6e38\u5ba2\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u666f\u533a\u4fe1\u53f7\u611f\u5e94\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u673a\u5fae\u4fe1\u6447\u4e00\u6447\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6 \u5230\u666f\u533a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f7f\u7528\u5fae\u4fe1\u6447\u4e00\u6447\u529f\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4f4e\u9891\u84dd\u7259\u4f20\u8f93\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u666f \u533a\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u5e03\u7f6e\u7684\u57fa\u7ad9\u6709\u6548\u5b9e\u73b0\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u6e38\u5ba2\u83b7\u53d6\u666f\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u83b7\u5f97\u6e38\u5ba2\u4e2a \u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u6e38\u89c8\u6b21\u6570\u3001\u6e38\u89c8\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6e38\u89c8\u9700\u6c42\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u666f\u533a\u5efa\u7acb\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u4fe1 \u606f\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u50a8\u5b58\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5f53\u6e38\u5ba2\u79bb\u5f00\u666f\u533a\u7684\u4fe1 \u53f7\u611f\u5e94\u8303\u56f4\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6709\u5173\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6)\u5b9e\u4f53\u65c5\u6e38\u8981\u7d20\u4e0e\u666f\u533a\u667a\u80fd\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u53d1\u5c55\u5728\u5341 \u4e09\u4e94\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u9ad8\u4f53\u9a8c\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u5e94\u5f53\u8d70 \u5728\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u8f7d\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u666f\u533a\u95e8\u7968\u548c\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5361\u724c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b9e \u4f53\u65c5\u6e38\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u65e2\u65b9\u4fbf\u643a\u5e26\u53c8\u6709\u6536\u85cf\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u539f\u7406\u662f\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u5c06\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bfc\u89c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5165\u53e3\u5de7 \u5999\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u6280\u672f\u5370\u5237\u5728\u4e86\u65c5\u6e38\u8981\u7d20\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8fd9\u79cd\u8981\u7d20\u5b9e\u4f53\u662f\u6e38\u5ba2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u643a\u5e26\u7684\uff0c\u5176 \u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5c31\u662f\u589e\u5f3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u3001\u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u6216\u8005\u76ee\u524d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a8\u5e7f\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u626b\u7801\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4e0b\u8f7d \u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u6e38\u5ba2\u8d2d\u4e70\u5230\u7684\u7eb8\u8d28\u95e8\u7968\u724c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u673a\u626b\u4e00\u626b\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u9a6c\u4e0a\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5173 \u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6216\u8005\u643a\u5e26 AR\/VR \u6280\u672f\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u8981\u7d20\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u73af\u3001\u589e\u5f3a\u773c\u955c\uff0c\u8fd9 \u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f53\u8981\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u9057\u5740\u590d\u539f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u666f\u70b9\u63a8\u5e7f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u878d\u5408\u7ed9\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5e26\u6765 \u673a\u9047\u7136\u800c\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5f53\u6e38\u5ba2\u5b8c\u5168\u6c89\u6d78\u4e8e AR\/VR \u6280\u672f\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u4eff\u771f\u573a\u666f\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u666f \u533a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u601d\u8003\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 \u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2.1 \u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9488\u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d77\u6b65\u8f83\u65e9\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u4f53\u7cfb\u76f8\u5bf9\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u6e38\u5ba2\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u6574 \u4e2a\u65c5\u6e38\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u5373\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6e38\u5ba2\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002 \u5728\u56fd\u5916\uff0cBoosting(1964)\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c\u63d0\u51fa\u76f8\u5173\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6863\u6b21\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u65b0\u9896\u53c8\u72ec\u7279\u3002LiYiping(2000)\u63d0\u51fa\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c\u662f\u4e00 \u79cd\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u9a8c\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u6587\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(2)\u56fd\u5916\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(3)\u56fd\u5185\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u7f51\u4ee5\u201c\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u5171\u641c\u7d22\u5230 930 \u7bc7\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u6211\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u5c55\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u8c22\u5f66\u541b\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u6e38\u5ba2\u53c2\u52a0\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u5b9e\u9645\u5c31\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u57fa\u7840\u65c5\u6e38\u5b66\u300b\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u8c22\u5f66\u541b\u6559\u6388(2005)\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u65c5 \u6e38\u573a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u4e3a\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5883\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u548c\u5177\u4f53 \u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e92\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6307\u5f53\u65f6\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6e38\u5ba2\u6240 \u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u53cd\u5e94\u3002 \u90b9\u7edf\u948e\u3001\u5434\u4e3d\u4e91(2003)\u9996\u6b21\u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e94\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c \u201c5E\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5a31\u4e50\u3001\u4e8c\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u4e09\u662f\u8d85\u8131\u73b0\u5b9e\/\u9003\u907f\u3001\u56db\u662f\u5ba1\u7f8e\u3001\u4e94\u662f\u79fb\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5)\u4e0d\u540c\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u89c6\u89d2\u8ff0\u8bc4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u6df1\u5316\u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u8ff0\u8bc4\uff1a <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6e38\u5ba2\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u611f\u53d7\u5373\u6e38\u5ba2\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u6307\u6807\u6709 \u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u73af\u5883\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea4\u901a\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc4\u4ef7\u56e0\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684 \u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bc4\u4ef7\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u83b7\u76ca\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f53\u9a8c\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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4\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65c5\u6e38\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e00\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u666e\u83b1\u65af\u548c\u963f\u7f57\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6e38\u5ba2\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u52a0\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u80fd\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5145\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff1b\u9ea6\u514b\u574e\u8010\u5c14\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6e38\u5ba2\u8ffd\u6c42\u539f\u59cb\u6027\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f13\u89e3\u751f\u6d3b\u5e26\u6765 \u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\u6e38\u5ba2\u4f53\u9a8c\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c0f\u5219\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5927\u5219\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2.2 \u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

20 \u4e16\u7eaa70 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005 Pizam \u9996\u6b21\u5c55\u5f00\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u6e38 \u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6e38\u5ba2\u6d88\u8d39\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7406\u8bba[44]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u5174\u8d77\u4e8e 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 70 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u987e\u5ba2\u6295\u5165\u3001\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u671f\u5f85\u4ee5 \u53ca\u672a\u6765\u6536\u83b7\u6ee1\u610f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u300280 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u987e\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u6210\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7814 \u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\u300221 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u65b0\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u9ad8 \u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u201c\u4ee5\u6e38\u5ba2\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\u7ba1\u7406\u7406\u5ff5\u6210\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u70ed\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5185\u6db5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

21 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u901a \u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u7f51\u4ee5\u201c\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u201d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u7d22\uff0c\u5171\u68c0\u7d22\u51fa 250 \u7bc7\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3002\u6839\u636e\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u8d44\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e14\u76f8\u5f02\uff0c\u56fd\u5916\u5b66\u8005 \u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9664\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5\u754c\u5b9a\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u7684\u6d4b\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4 \u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u8fdb \u884c\u6574\u7406\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002 \u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005 Pizam(1978)\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u7f8e \u56fd\u9ebb\u7701\u79d1\u5fb7\u89d2\u6d77\u6ee8\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u5f71\u54cd\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u516b\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6d77 \u6ee9\u666f\u8272\u3001\u4f4f\u5bbf\u73af\u5883\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u73af\u5883\u3001\u6e38\u61a9\u673a\u4f1a\u3001\u9910\u996e\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u597d\u5ba2\u5ea6\u3001\u6210\u672c\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002 Dorfman(1979)\u9488\u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u4e00\u6b21\u91ce\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6e38\u5ba2 \u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u9664\u4e86\u53d7\u6e38\u5ba2\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u52a8\u673a\u5f71\u54cd\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d7\u6d3b\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 Bowen(2001)\u5728\u5176\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u671f \u671b\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u7ee9\u6548\u3001\u7279\u6027\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 \u8521\u4f2f\u52cb(1986)\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u6e38\u89c8\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4 \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u53d7\u82b1\u8d39\u3001\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u5c42\u53ca\u91cd\u6e38\u610f\u613f\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 \u8d56\u68a6\u82b3\u3001\u6797\u664f\u5dde(1984)\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5f53\u6d3b \u52a8\u52a8\u673a\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u5219\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 \u9648\u6853\u6566\u3001\u674e\u8d24\u5347(2003)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6e38\u5ba2\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u6709\u4e3b\u89c2\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u6307 \u6e38\u61a9\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u6b21\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u65c5\u6e38\u4fe1\u606f\u3001 \u9910\u996e\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u62e5\u6324\u5ea6\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u72b6\u51b5\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd \u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2.3 \u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u83b7\u53d6\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u628a\u63e1\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u5fc3\u7406\u662f\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e3b \u8981\u4ece\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u9700\u6c42\u56e0\u5b50\u3001\u9700\u6c42\u5c42\u6b21\u4ee5\u53ca\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5c55\u5f00\u9610\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\u3001\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u641c\u7d22\u5e76\u9605\u8bfb\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u73b0\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u56fd\u5916\u5b66 \u8005 Geoffrey Crouch(2006)\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u62a5\u4ef7\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba \u7ecf\u6d4e\u6536\u5165\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u88ab\u8c03\u67e5\u8005\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u9700\u6c42\u3002Manuel Vanegas(2000)\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0 \u51fa\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6536\u5165\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u65c5\u6e38\u9700\u6c42\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u952e[57]\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u738b\u8273\u5e73(2005)\u57fa\u4e8e\u65c5 \u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6e38\u89c8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u65c5\u6e38\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5979\u6307\u51fa\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u53d7\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3001\u5ba2\u6e90\u5730\u3001 \u65c5\u6e38\u5a92\u4ecb\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd[58]\u3002\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7531\u65c5\u6e38\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u8bbe\u65bd\u7b49 \u6784\u6210\uff1b\u5ba2\u6e90\u5730\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6027\u683c\u3001\u6536\u5165\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u53d7\u6587\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210\uff1b\u65c5\u6e38\u5a92\u4ecb\u6307\u7684 \u662f\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6e90\u5730\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u5982\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u8425\u9500\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002\u6731\u6e56\u82f1(2006) \u5728\u5176\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6536\u5165\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u5a31 \u4e50\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea4\u901a\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u732e\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6e38\u5ba2\u672c\u8eab\u548c \u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6e38\u5ba2\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5982\u4e2a\u4eba\u6536\u5165\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u5174\u8da3\u7231\u597d\u4ee5\u53ca\u65c5\u6e38\u52a8\u673a\u7b49 \uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u56e0\u7d20\u5982\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u73af\u5883\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u65c5 \u6e38\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\u3001\u6e38\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u56e0\u5b50<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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